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Welcome to Kaya. This website is organised around the questions people bring about adult ADHD. You can pick the question closest to yours, and it opens the most useful page first. Or you can explore by topic, using the circle map, or the menu on a phone. When you open a topic, its guides appear with it. Guides can be printed or saved, and the questions and answers have audio. Kaya is for adults of all genders. ADHD in women and later recognition have their own route, because these experiences can be overlooked. One thing to know before you start: Kaya is currently an information and service-development website. It does not provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment or prescribing.
Kaya is organised around the questions people bring. Start from one of the questions above, or explore by topic.
Pick the question closest to yours
Each one opens the most useful page first. You can come back and choose another.
Or explore by topic
Use the circle map, or the menu on a phone. Open a topic and its guides appear with it.
Read, print or listen
Guides can be printed or saved as a PDF, and the questions and answers have audio.
Kaya is intended for adults of all genders. ADHD in women and later recognition have a dedicated route because these experiences can be overlooked.
Kaya is currently an information and service-development website. It does not provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment or prescribing.
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ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition. An adult assessment looks at how patterns have developed over time, and how they affect more than one part of life. There are three things to keep in mind. First, across a lifetime: childhood development matters alongside your life now. Old records can help, but one missing document should not become the whole story. Second, across daily life: assessment considers work, education, relationships, home life, money, caring responsibilities and other important settings. Third, alongside other explanations: ADHD can exist with other needs, so a thorough assessment also considers mental health, physical health and other possible explanations. This is general information, based on NICE guideline NG87.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition. Adult assessment considers how patterns have developed over time and how they affect more than one setting.
Across a lifetime
Childhood development matters alongside the person’s current life. Old records can contribute, but one missing document should not become the whole story.
Across daily life
Assessment considers work, education, relationships, home life, finances, caring responsibilities and other important settings.
Alongside other explanations
ADHD can coexist with other needs. A thorough assessment considers mental health, physical health and alternative explanations.
Source: NICE guideline NG87. General information only.
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What should a thorough adult ADHD assessment include? NICE says diagnosis should be based on four things. One, a clinical and psychosocial assessment, exploring symptoms and how they affect everyday life. Two, a developmental and psychiatric history, looking at patterns from childhood alongside mental and physical health. Three, information from other sources, such as people who know you and any records. If these are not available, the provider should explain how they handle that. And four, a reasoned outcome. That might be ADHD, another explanation, or a need for further assessment. A questionnaire cannot make that decision on its own. The guides in this section cover what happens on the day, what counts as evidence, and how to prepare.
NICE says diagnosis should be based on a full clinical and psychosocial assessment, developmental and psychiatric history, observer information and assessment of mental state.
Clinical and psychosocial assessment
The discussion should explore symptoms, behaviour and their effects across the important settings of everyday life.
Developmental and psychiatric history
Adult ADHD assessment considers patterns beginning in childhood alongside mental health, physical health and other possible explanations.
Information from other sources
Observer information and records can contribute where available. The provider should explain its approach when they are unavailable.
A reasoned outcome
The outcome may be ADHD, another explanation or a need for further assessment. A questionnaire cannot make that decision alone.
Direct answers to common questions about adult ADHD assessment, diagnosis, private costs and continuing care in England.
Listen, read, or both. Every answer comes from NICE guidance or UK sources, and the written answer always matches the audio.
Plays straight through all 16 questions, about 6 minutes. Skip with the buttons, or from your lock screen. Download the MP3 to listen offline
Question 1 of 16
What does a thorough adult ADHD assessment include?
NICE says diagnosis should be based on a full clinical and psychosocial assessment, a full developmental and psychiatric history, observer reports and an assessment of mental state. The discussion should consider symptoms and their effects across different areas of everyday life.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, diagnosisShow all 16 questions and answers
What does a thorough adult ADHD assessment include?
NICE says diagnosis should be based on a full clinical and psychosocial assessment, a full developmental and psychiatric history, observer reports and an assessment of mental state. The discussion should consider symptoms and their effects across different areas of everyday life.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, diagnosisCan an ADHD diagnosis be made from a questionnaire?
No. NICE says an ADHD diagnosis should not be made solely from a rating scale or observational data. Questionnaires can support an assessment, but they do not replace the full clinical process.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, recommendation 1.3.2Do I need school reports for an adult ADHD assessment?
School reports can help show childhood patterns, but NICE does not list school reports as a universal requirement. The assessment does need developmental history and observer information. Ask the provider what alternatives they accept if records or a suitable observer are unavailable.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, recommendations 1.3.1 to 1.3.3Who can diagnose ADHD in adults in England?
NICE says ADHD should only be diagnosed by a specialist psychiatrist, paediatrician or another appropriately qualified healthcare professional with training and expertise in diagnosing ADHD.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, recommendation 1.3.1Why can ADHD be missed in women?
NICE recognises that ADHD is under-recognised in girls and women. They may be less likely to be referred for assessment and more likely to receive an incorrect diagnosis of another mental health or neurodevelopmental condition.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, recommendation 1.2.2Can a private ADHD diagnosis be used for NHS prescriptions?
A private diagnosis does not guarantee that a GP will take over prescribing. Shared care decisions and local NHS pathways vary. Before paying, ask your GP and the provider who will prescribe, monitor treatment and fund each stage if shared care is declined.
Source: Nottinghamshire NHS Right to Choose guidanceWhat costs should I check before a private ADHD assessment?
Ask for the full pathway cost, not only the assessment fee. Check the price of the assessment, report, follow-up appointments, medication titration, private prescriptions, medication, continuing reviews and any further assessment.
What happens if I do not meet the criteria for ADHD?
A careful assessment may identify another explanation, suggest further assessment or find that symptoms fall below the diagnostic threshold. NICE says people in this position may still benefit from information and support.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, information and supportNobody who knew me as a child can take part. Can I still be assessed?
Usually, yes. Information from someone who knew you as a child is helpful, but not having it should not by itself stop an assessment. The assessor can rely more on your own account and any records you have. Ask the provider how they handle this before you book.
Source: UKAAN Adult ADHD Assessment Quality Assurance StandardWhy might an ADHD assessor ask about my heart health?
If medication is ever considered, NICE asks for a heart check first. This includes asking about any sudden death in a close relative under 40 that suggests a heart condition. Asking during the assessment means a later prescriber has what they need. It does not mean medication is assumed.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, recommendations 1.7.4 and 1.7.5I do well at work. Can I still have ADHD?
Yes. Doing well does not rule ADHD out. Assessors look at how much effort it takes to cope and what that costs you, as well as how things look from the outside.
Source: UKAAN Adult ADHD Assessment Quality Assurance StandardWhat if I cannot remember much about my childhood?
That is common. Saying you do not remember is a useful answer, and it is better than guessing. Old school reports, photos, or a conversation with a relative before the appointment can sometimes help fill gaps.
Why does the assessor ask about each stage of school separately?
Primary school, secondary school and further study each ask different things of you. Going through them one at a time shows how the pattern changed as demands grew. If the questions feel repetitive, that is deliberate.
Why am I asked about alcohol, drugs, money or police contact?
Many assessors ask everyone these questions. Impulsivity can show up in spending or risk-taking, and some answers point towards other explanations or support that might help. The questions are not a judgement.
What outcomes can an adult ADHD assessment have?
The criteria may be met, usually described as mainly inattentive, mainly hyperactive-impulsive or combined. The assessor may find some traits without enough effect on everyday life for a diagnosis, need more information first, or find that another explanation fits better. You should be told the outcome and the reasons for it.
Source: NICE guideline NG87, diagnosisCan I book an ADHD assessment with Kaya now?
No. Kaya is currently an information and service-development website. Assessment, diagnosis, treatment and prescribing are not available through Kaya at this stage.
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Kaya is being built in the open. Right now, that means research, resources and specialist training, publishing useful information without presenting Kaya as a live clinical service. Next comes supervised competence and clinical governance: confirming diagnostic responsibility, supervision, insurance, data handling and partnerships. Before launch, Kaya will publish verified clinicians, prices, prescribing responsibilities, policies and continuing care. The public resources will stay open. An optional login may come later, so people can return to saved forms on any device.
The information library is being built now while the future clinical pathway is developed.
Now
Research, resources and specialist training
Publishing useful information without presenting Kaya as a live clinical service.
Next
Supervised competence and clinical governance
Confirming diagnostic responsibility, supervision, insurance, data handling and partnerships.
Before launch
The complete service pathway
Publishing verified clinicians, prices, prescribing responsibilities, policies and continuing care.
Later account access
Public resources will stay open. Optional login can later allow people to return to saved forms across devices. Email collection is deferred and is not required to use the current resources.
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If you are thinking about a private assessment, the assessment fee may be only one part of the cost. There can also be a written report, medication titration appointments if appropriate, private prescription fees and medication, continuing specialist reviews, and further assessment or support. Shared care is not guaranteed. A GP can decide whether to accept it. So before paying, ask who will prescribe, who will monitor treatment, what every stage costs, and what happens if your GP declines. This section has a worksheet to plan the full cost, and a guide to shared care.
Choose one guide. Each opens as a separate, printable page.
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ADHD can be overlooked in women, and life stages can change what feels manageable. This section walks through four of them. Puberty and growing up: looking back, did things feel harder as school, friendships and independence became more demanding? Periods: if you notice repeating changes in concentration, mood or daily life, note their timing. The pattern is something to discuss, not a diagnosis. Pregnancy and after birth: routines, sleep and responsibilities can all change. Medication questions belong with your prescriber, GP and maternity team. Perimenopause and menopause: new or changing difficulties deserve attention. ADHD starts in childhood, so assessors will ask about earlier life as well as recent changes.
Women, recognition and life stages
Has something changed, or has it always taken this much effort?
Perhaps you are looking back at earlier experiences. Perhaps life feels different now. Start with what brought you here.
NICE says ADHD is thought to be under-recognised in girls and women. Being overlooked does not mean everyone with these experiences has ADHD; a full assessment considers other explanations too.
Choose a life stage. You can look at one, or all of them.
Life stage 1 of 4
Puberty and growing up
Looking back, were there changes in what felt manageable as school, social life and independence became more demanding? Include what you remember without assuming hormones explain every change.
Life stage 2 of 4
Periods and menstrual changes
If you notice recurring changes in concentration, mood or daily functioning, describe their timing and effects. There can be several explanations; the pattern is something to discuss, not a diagnosis.
Life stage 3 of 4
Pregnancy and after birth
This can bring changes in routines, sleep, health and responsibilities. Talk about what has changed and what support you need. Medication questions belong with your prescriber, GP and maternity team, not a website checklist.
Life stage 4 of 4
Perimenopause and menopause
New or changing difficulties deserve attention. Describe both lifelong experiences and recent changes so the clinician can consider the wider picture, rather than attributing everything to ADHD or menopause. ADHD starts in childhood, so assessors will ask about earlier life as well as recent changes.
What do we know, and what is still being studied?
Research is exploring ADHD across hormonal life stages. A survey published in 2026 asked 600 women and people assigned female at birth who already had an ADHD diagnosis about their experiences. Many reported symptoms worsening after birth and during menopause. These were people's own reports, so they cannot show that hormones caused the changes or predict what any one person will experience.
A UK expert consensus statement (2020) also discusses recognition and changing support needs. Consensus guidance is not the same as proof of a biological cause. This page does not recommend changes to ADHD medicines or hormone treatment.
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Kaya is being built by Nadia Hajat, an independent social worker who is training towards work in adult ADHD assessment. Social work already pays attention to a person's history, relationships, environment, strengths, risks, identity and everyday life. Kaya is bringing that whole-life view to ADHD assessment, alongside the extra training and governance it needs. Training is only one part. The future service also needs supervised competence, named diagnostic responsibility, clinical governance, insurance, and clear arrangements for prescribing and continuing care. Kaya gives general information, not individual medical advice, and links directly to the guidance it uses.
Nadia Hajat is an independent social worker undertaking specialist training towards work in adult ADHD assessment.
A whole-life perspective
Social work assessment already pays attention to history, relationships, environment, strengths, risk, identity and everyday functioning. Kaya is developing that perspective within the additional training and governance required for ADHD assessment.
Training is one part
The future service also needs supervised competence, named diagnostic responsibility, clinical governance, appropriate insurance and clear arrangements for prescribing and continuing care.
How the information is used
Kaya links directly to the public guidance used in its resources. It provides general information, not individual medical advice. The future service will publish clinician, governance and pathway details before it opens.
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These tools are free, need no account, and save your progress only on this device. You can look up ADHD waiting times, check a provider and clinician, work through questions to ask before you pay, and find out how to prepare if you do not have school reports. There is also a guide to common terms, if some of the words are new. More is coming, including a form to help prepare your developmental history, and a short list of questions to ask your GP before paying privately.
Choose one guide. Each opens as a separate, printable page.

